European CB hold rates, looks down at buying Spanish bonds

The European Central Bank held interest rates at 1.0 percent and will resist calls to do more to fight the euro zone crisis, putting the onus on governments to foster growth and head off anger over austerity policies.

Police mounted a heavy presence outside the Barcelona hotel where the policymakers were meeting, ahead of protests expected against the Spanish government's spending cuts that are supported by the ECB.

Financial markets want the central bank to step up its efforts to fight the crisis by buying Spanish government bonds to reduce borrowing costs for the country which is in recession and has unemployment that is twice Europe's average.

But ECB policymakers are more likely to praise Spain's cost-cutting drive than to announce any new policy action such as restarting their bond-buying program.

Investors will focus on whether President Mario Draghi uses his 8.30 am EDT news conference to open the door to easing policy later this year if the crisis gets worse. The ECB has never before cut its main interest rate below 1.0 percent.

"We expect he is going to sound mildly dovish and more careful on growth, at least pointing to downside risks emerging again, but there will be no concrete signals for actions," said Anders Svendsen, chief analyst at Nordea bank.

"For now, it is still too early for the ECB to change its view, but the risk of an interest rate cut during the summer has clearly increased," he added.

The ECB has pumped over 1 trillion euros into the financial system in recent months, smoothing debt issuance for euro zone members. But Spanish bond yields jumped at a debt auction held as the 23-member ECB Council met, though demand was solid.

Draghi helped shift the tone of the economic policy debate in the euro zone last week when he advocated a "growth compact" without spelling out exactly what he meant.

French presidential candidate Francois Hollande, who wants to step away from German-inspired austerity, has welcomed Draghi's comments and the ECB president will be pressed to flesh out his growth vision.

Draghi has so far pressed governments to shape up their economies with structural reforms but there is growing resistance to spending cuts that governments across the euro zone are making to streamline public finances.